To many of those in our present generation, America during the 1850’s would have been a harsh place to live. White land owners, Black slaves, and Native American Indians all shared their own set own set of challenges and difficulties.
The Native American way of life in this time period was a very simple one. It was a community based lifestyle that centered on hunting, fishing, farming, and trading for survival. Although Native American is a very collective term, the different tribes are very different from one another. The Apache tribe of the South and Southwest differed greatly from the Sioux Indians of the Dakotas. Some tribes were quite peaceful to outsiders, while others were went to great lengths to preserve their cultural way of life. Some tribes were more accustomed to trading and conversing to the settlers than others.
One thing that remained the same for everyone throughout the west was the common theme of limited supplies. The farther west you would travel, the scarcer the general stores and potential traders became. All of your supplies had to be hunted, grown, or found. The most valuable item that one could come across was a breed of cattle (buffalo and oxen included). Depending on whom you were out in the west changed how you would utilize it. For most European, and American settlers, cattle were meant two main things: food and labor. Cattle could help drive heavy wagons much easier than man could on just his two feet alone. If the cattle were to die, the average explorer would end up eating its flesh, often leaving behind carcasses. Native Americans were a little bit more creative when it came to such a versatile tool. Cattle could not only be used for labor and food, but many Indians removed the hide to use for clothing, especially in the colder months. Even the bones were used for either tools or weapons. In certain rituals, the heart of the animal was saved and then later buried. Nearly the whole animal was used.
The summer of 1854 seemed to have abnormal weather. It was much hotter in years passed, and as a result, the ecosystem in the Nebraska Territory was thrown for a loop. There was less rain, and this drought caused a lot of the vegetation to shrivel up. Many wild buffalo migrated to find better grazing areas. Two Native American siblings were surprised to find a lone cow wandering down by one of the last few flowing rivers. A thought popped into their head to bring this gift from the gods back to their village elders.