The flood of light

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Scrolls from the Dead Sea.
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I shall praise the MY GOD for thou hast brought Marco's with us.
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And with the creature of clay has acted mightily. All the day
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continually. I show blessed by name and in the abundance of thy goodness
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shall my soul delight. I praise Thee O Lord I praise thee.
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This is an excerpt from the scroll of Thanksgiving hymn. Who's one of the seven original
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ard scrolls found in a cave near the Dead Sea. We're not certain who put
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this another parchment documents in the caves nor what happened to their owners.
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But it is probable that one day in the fateful spring of 68 A.D. as the Roman
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legions swept down on the roots of them the documents were placed in earthenware jars
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and hidden in the caves which gave them refuge for almost two thousand years.
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These goals constitute twentieth century scholarships greatest discovery.
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The flood of light program 13 of schools from the Dead
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Sea a radial exploration of the most significant archaeological find of our time.
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These programs are produced by radio station WAGA of the University of Wisconsin
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under a grant from the Educational Television and Radio Center in cooperation with the
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National Association of educational broadcasters.
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Since the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in one thousand forty seven scholars from many fields have
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been hard at work. Paleography archaeologists biblical scholars and theologians and
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many more have been working with the documents. One of these scholars is Professor Menachem
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Mansoor chairman of the department of Hebrew and Semitic Studies at the University of
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Wisconsin. Recently Professor Mansoor traveled in Europe Israel and America
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collecting documentary materials for these programs. He tape recorded interviews with over
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25 leading scholars and theologians and gauged in the work. And now back at the
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University of Wisconsin professor Mansoor has planned and written this series of programs
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exploring the meaning and content of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Professor Mansoor.
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We have now reached our final program. It will be presumptuous on my
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part to speak today at length on the significance of this momentous
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discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls. I would rather bring before you the
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interviews recorded in my machine of world leading
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scholars and theologians from various parts of the world to
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impress upon you the impact of these findings and their importance to
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our civilization. Traveling as I did
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from one country to another in search for knowledge from competent scholars and world
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authority I was particularly seeking answers to the following
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questions. 1. What is the importance and significance of
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the scrolls too. Will the scrolls bring about
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any change in current religious beliefs. Some writers have claimed
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or are they of purely historical import. And three
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is the discovery of the scrolls gain or loss for religion.
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First here is Professor William Reed of the College of the Bible in Lexington
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Kentucky. I asked what's the importance and significance of
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the scrolls.
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We cannot say what the significance of the Qumran scrolls may be until all the
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manuscript material has been published and studied for some time. However
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certain things are clear at this date in some cases a
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comparison of the canonical works with the mass
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already taxed has shown that the ancient scribes were
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exceedingly accurate in copying their sacred manuscripts.
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In the case of several Old Testament books this has merely confirmed the importance of the master reading
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text. Time does not permit me to speak of other possible points of
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significant but it may be noted that the discovery of the Qumran
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scrolls in a region where it was once thought that ancient manuscripts could not
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survive raises the possibility that future explorations
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may recover other early manuscripts from the Old Testament period or
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from the period of early Christianity.
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Now Professor Philip Hiatt is the dean of Vanderbilt University
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and president of the society of medical literature. I asked him if he thought
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there was any particular challenge offered by the Dead Sea Scrolls.
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The deadly discoveries present a great challenge to scholars to those who
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specialize in their old testament to those who specialize in the New Testament
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and have been exploring all of the material from the
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Dead Sea region must be studied carefully and integrated with material from
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many other sources. Scholars should work together in seeking a better
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understanding of the Bible and the origins of Christianity Judaism.
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They should work objectively and without axes to grind
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this way. We sure finally arrive at the truth.
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Here now is an interview with Professor W. F.. All right of Johns Hopkins
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University Baltimore. He's recognized as the world leading authority
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on the book of archaeology. I asked Professor Albright whether the new
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knowledge from the scrolls is going to revolutionize anything.
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Here is Professor Albright I have said in various places that
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the discovery of these grows from ribbit is
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revolutionizing New Testament scholarship.
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A French scholar named have insisted
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that they revolutionize your
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studies. Also but there's
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a world of difference between my meaning for the word
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revolution and the meaning attached the word revolution by Lego.
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They insist that this revolutionized our knowledge of Christ
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the beginnings of Christian theology of Christian theology. I
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insist with a rapidly increasing number of Catholic Protestant
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scholars that the importance lies in a different
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direction hit to New Testament
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scholars have worked on the New Testament without any literature
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of comparable age with which to compare it in fact.
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So as a result they were guessing the most
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critical New Testament scholars place the writing in The New Testament between about 50
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50 after Christ. One hundred fifty eight. It
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seems to me that the evidence is no completely against this
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point of view. The Gospel of John
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which most critical scholars have been dating in the late into the second century
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are actually extremely close
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in language and often in point of view to comment on
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scrolls through the Gospel of John is Kris
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Jenner not Jewish and Jewish or not Christian.
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I further Professor Albright whether the text of the
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scrolls were published and what they bring about any change in
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current religious beliefs.
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Eventually it'll take a long time since you
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know nothing about.
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How the New Testament developed in my opinion wrong.
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I think scholarship will have to be redone from one
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but in a more conservative direction because the books of the New Testament.
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All seem to be much earlier than most New Testament scholars among the partisans
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particularly to some extent. Furthermore
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we got to recognize that Christianity didn't come
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with making a complete break with a past.
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Connection with Judaism much closer than we had supposed.
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There you have Professor Albright's view important
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from Baltimore but was stopped on our
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way there. Professor of
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sacred scripture Immaculate Conception. I
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put this question to Monsignor Doherty. Do you think the discovery of the
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scrolls is a gain or a loss for religion.
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It is my definite judgment that the discovery of the scroll is again for religion.
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If you view them only in the abstract they contribute to our knowledge of the history of
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religion. Discovery of first hand records such as these is always a
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great boon to the scholars pacifically view they are of particular interest
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to the study of the Jewish faith and to our knowledge of it.
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They are of great interest to the Christian faith too.
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If they throw light on the background of the New Testament one of the
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American scholars who has been working on the scroll since their discovery
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and published several texts on the scrolls is Professor Miller Barrows of
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Yale University. His book of the scrolls was a bestseller and is
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one of the most authoritative works on the subject. He too agrees
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that the discovery is again for religion.
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No discovery of truth can be a loss for religion. The
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discovery of the scrolls is a gain for religion in so far as it helps
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us to understand the Bible and the history of our religion.
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Professor asked whether this
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might bring about change in current religious believes.
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What kind of change could they bring about. I have never heard that previous
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discoveries of contacts between the Bible and Babylonian Egyptian
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Persian and Greek religion caused any change in religious belief or
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ritual.
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Another scholar who is an authority on the scrolls and author of an important
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book on the subject is Professor Charles Fritz of
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Princeton Theological Seminary. Let us listen to what he has to say
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about their importance and significance.
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Professor French there is no question that the discovery of these scrolls has been a
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great boon for religion both for the understanding of the Judaism of this
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period that is from about 200 B.C. to A.D. 100. And for
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our understanding of the New Testament and the origins of the Christian church they are of an
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estimable value to be sure. Many of the things brought out in the scrolls have been
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known before but never before were they seen so
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clearly in the context of the life of a sect who settlement and
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library are now plainly visible to human are like Dr
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Barrows his colleague Professor French insists that
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no change whatsoever will be brought about by the discovery.
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The Dead Sea Scrolls will not bring about any change in current religious
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belief and ritual. Nothing in these documents need change the
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Christians belief in Christ as the Messiah promised by God of all to
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save his people. This faith in the uniqueness of the person of Christ
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which electrified and empowered the early Christians is unshaken today by
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these discoveries whether they are of purely historical import.
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We may say that these scrolls are most important historically for our understanding
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of the Judaism of that time and the origins of the Christian church.
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Let me now take you to Oxford England and let us listen to Professor
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J Our driver. He's a world authority in Biblical studies.
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Here are his views on the importance of the discovery.
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This scrolls have so very little if any direct light
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on either of the great religions Judaism or Christianity.
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The importance lies in the flood of light
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which they have thrown on the period which is at the
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background of the Gospels.
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Every scrap of information however small on the period of such talk
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making importance is welcome Professor of the
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University of Manchester a theologian and Bible scholar of the first water
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is convinced that the discovery constitutes a considerable gain for
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religion a very considerable gain every bit of
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additional light we can have which bears on the Old Testament or the New
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Testament is again and I welcome unreservedly.
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The discovery of the scrolls in the new light which they have brought to
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us in Manchester England.
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I went to visit my former teacher the Reverend Edward Robertson
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formerly of the University of Manchester and now our chief librarian at the
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famous John Rylands library. That was a memorable
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meeting with a beloved teacher. In the course of our exchange of views
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on this cross Professor Roberts expressed the views of the layman as he prefers to
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say his message is of importance to laymen. So let us
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listen to Professor Robertson.
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Well Dr Mansoor I feel convinced
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that there is no real cause for fear
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on the part of the religious community is
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concerned. The divine inspiration and guidance is clear
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strong and unshakable. I am quite convinced
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that when the controversies which are raging at the moment
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drowned the Dead Sea Scrolls have seized. On the
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dust of battle has said that nothing but good can
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emerge from those discussions.
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It can only be gained to know
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more of the background of one's own religious belief
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faith.
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I think the layman not the least concerned as to the
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outcome.
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From England we went to Belgium I was anxious to meet Father just a
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mess of flu there. There are logical seminars and a member of the
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Paris National Center of scientific research. He's by the way the author
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of a recently published book on the scrolls. Here are his views on the
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importance of this cross.
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Well the scholars who are working on these Dead Sea Scrolls are
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unanimous in acknowledging that the literature of the sectarians of
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Brown has spurred to a new light upon the Jewish new year of
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Palestine of the New Testament period it became clear there for
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that reason out a prior study of first biblical or Jewish literature and
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especially of traditional Jewish exegesis. Any
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conclusions on this score necessarily be incomplete.
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My interview with Father forked in Rome at the Vatican
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Pontifical Biblical Institute was a memorable and unforgettable
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experience. Father fact is the director of the Institute and a
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biblical scholar of international repute. The following is the
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interview tape recorded at the Institute with the help of the Italian Broadcasting
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Service. I first asked father fucked whether you would tell us what
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was the attitude of the Holy See toward this discovery of the
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Holy See which is the highest authority of the Catholic Church.
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Not only does not fear anything from the Dead Sea manuscripts or any other
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ancient documents but has also contributed to the recovery of an
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important collection of the documents which were still in possession of the
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Bedouins in October 1955. On being
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informed that the prompt publication of the texts was hindered as long
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as the remaining manuscripts of K4 were not recovered from the Bedouins.
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Pope Pius 12th generously gave a large sum for the
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acquisition of practically all the remaining fragments of the cave. Only
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such people as do not understand the Catholic mentality and the Catholic faith can
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imagine that any document could be considered as having faith.
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The security and serenity of the Catholic Church emanates
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from the evident impossibility of any acquired knowledge.
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In contrast to absolutely establish truth and such are in
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our belief the articles of Catholic faith are the documents from the
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lesson of do their will and I will enable us to grasp more fully the
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background of Christian Origins. They shall say
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show us how deeply John the Baptist. Jesus the Apostles are
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rooted in their people. How will the employers they employ the ways
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of speaking and thinking and the usages familiar to themselves and to
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tones to whom they announced their message.
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I asked father fucked if he thought the scrolls might damage a person's religious
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convictions.
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The answer depends on the degree of this person's conviction. If he
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has no solid reasons. If religion is for him but something in the way of a habit
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and that he's not capable of examining the statements published in magazines and
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newspapers.
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In this case he's a religious believe maybe that perhaps even
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shaken out of ignorance. But as a matter of fact up to the
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present I have not heard of any single such case.
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Should I hear of any actual case I would attribute the real damage more
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to the lack of real well-founded conviction then the
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objections that may have been not culls to his faith.
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My last interview was with Professor John Trevor professor of religion at
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Morris Harvey college. You will recall that he was the first American scholar
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to handle the Dead Sea Scrolls. This is what Professor Trevor considers to
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be the value of the discovery.
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We all know these documents in my judgment may not add to or subtract
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from the Christian faith and that essential character we may find that
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their discovery has added something spiritual. God is in
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this too. I believe accomplishing his creative purposes. Perhaps
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we shall come to see that this is more than discovery. It is revelation. Several
[21:15 - 21:20]
factors lead me to make this prediction. The layman in the first place is becoming aware of the
[21:20 - 21:25]
historic continuity from which Christianity emerged in ancient times by the impact of
[21:25 - 21:30]
this discovery. The back Larry is taking on meaning we never realized before.
[21:30 - 21:34]
And secondly the layman is becoming aware of the interrelatedness of the historic
[21:34 - 21:39]
past. Jesus did not appear in an image and historical back your
[21:39 - 21:44]
to understand him fully therefore we must understand his environment. And a
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layman is becoming aware of it and this awareness has resulted in a renewed
[21:49 - 21:54]
interest in Bible study and a new appreciation of the Old Testament. Even the part of
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many outside the church. For them I want the real values of archaeology and
[21:59 - 22:03]
other scientific biblical disciplines are beginning to be appreciated as never before. They
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are important for more than just proving the Bible as so many have used them in the
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past. But more valuable than all of the is in my judgment is the evidence that the Dead Sea
[22:13 - 22:18]
Scrolls may sound the death knell to Biblical literalism and fetishism and
[22:18 - 22:22]
open the door to an era of healthy honest Bible study
[22:22 - 22:28]
that would leave the Bible or the Book of Life and a living spring of life
[22:28 - 22:32]
idealism that my professor used to say. For there is a growing awareness that
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words and phrases creeds and dogmas are not the efforts of faith but
[22:37 - 22:42]
merely vehicles for the expression of faith. The Bible is not a source book a
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proof text to a land of 482 one Dogman but a book of life in
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which man is confronted by God. The Dead Sea Scrolls are helping many
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to discover this truth in their I believe God is at work.
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Let me now emphasize what is fiction about the scrolls. It is
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fiction that the text of the Hebrew Bible will have to be written. It is fiction that
[23:07 - 23:12]
Orthodox Jews and Roman Catholics. Are hanging back in their task of the cipher in the
[23:12 - 23:17]
text of the scrolls lest they find in them something detrimental to their respective
[23:17 - 23:22]
faiths. It is fiction that the teacher of righteousness had been crucified
[23:22 - 23:27]
just like Jesus and it is fiction that the scrolls will revolutionize
[23:27 - 23:32]
our approach to Christianity. What then are the views of the overwhelming
[23:32 - 23:36]
majority of the scholars about this fabulous discovery. One
[23:36 - 23:42]
the Dead Sea Scrolls are universally accepted as genuine texts and they date from
[23:42 - 23:47]
before and during the lifetime of Christ to the
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biblical scrolls are about 1000 years older than any other clearly dated
[23:51 - 23:56]
extant manuscripts of the Old Testament. On the whole this
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calls confirm their authenticity and trustworthiness of our traditional Hebrew text.
[24:01 - 24:06]
Just as the discovery of the Greek pirates have confirmed the general trustworthiness
[24:06 - 24:12]
of the Greek text of both the Old and the New Testament 3.
[24:12 - 24:17]
The Biblical text will clarify a few obscure passages in the Hebrew Old Testament.
[24:17 - 24:22]
The Committee for the Revised Standard Version edition of 1952 effected
[24:22 - 24:27]
13 changes in the English translation of the book of Isaiah alone.
[24:27 - 24:32]
Most of them minor ones for the overwhelming majority
[24:32 - 24:37]
view is that the traditional Hebrew Bible is by far superior to the biblical
[24:37 - 24:42]
texts of the scrolls 5. The copper scrolls are the first
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ancient documents discovered that give us clues to buried treasures. They
[24:47 - 24:52]
constitute the oldest guide to a treasure trove ever found. 6.
[24:52 - 24:57]
The majestic Thanksgiving hymn reflects upon the religious beliefs of the sect
[24:57 - 25:02]
and will throw light upon the development of religious history. 7.
[25:02 - 25:07]
Many branches of Jewish studies will be enriched such as Bible Bible
[25:07 - 25:11]
biblical commentaries archaeology and the Hebrew language
[25:11 - 25:16]
8. This sect of the scrolls is generally identified as the SCA
[25:16 - 25:21]
or at least as an as in like sect. 9. There are
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indeed striking similarities between the writings doctrines and practices of the Qumran
[25:26 - 25:32]
scrolls and those of the New Testament and the early Christian church.
[25:32 - 25:37]
The similarities between the scrolls and the New Testament will enable us to grasp more fully the
[25:37 - 25:42]
background of Christian Origins. They form the Jewish background of the
[25:42 - 25:47]
Gospels of Christian institutions like baptism the sacramental meal
[25:47 - 25:52]
and of many other Christian ideas. 11. There is
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nothing in the scrolls to show that either John the Baptist or Jesus may
[25:57 - 26:02]
have been a member of the sect or the twelve. The
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scrolls will not require the revision of any basic article of Christian faith.
[26:07 - 26:12]
It will certainly not revolutionize our approach to the origins of Christianity.
[26:12 - 26:17]
On the contrary they throw a flood of light upon the few centuries
[26:17 - 26:22]
immediately preceding the advent of Christianity. Finally the
[26:22 - 26:27]
scrolls express a universal truth. We all have one God.
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Well we are now reaching the end of this series. The views of the scholars and
[26:33 - 26:38]
theologians to which you have been listening should not be regarded as the final word about the
[26:38 - 26:43]
scrolls. We do not know what the thousands of fragments yet undecipherable
[26:43 - 26:48]
have in stock for us. I cannot finish this series
[26:48 - 26:53]
without a personal note. To me personally the meeting with so many
[26:53 - 26:58]
colleagues and scholars has been an unforgettable and inspiring
[26:58 - 27:03]
experience and encouraging aspect of this project is the readiness
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with which scholars all over agree to take part without their
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help and the spirit in which it was extended. These programs would not have
[27:12 - 27:17]
been possible these scholars have earned the gratitude of listeners
[27:17 - 27:18]
throughout the United States.
[27:18 - 27:24]
Scrolls from the Dead Sea. The final program in a radio exploration of
[27:24 - 27:29]
the most significant archaeological find of the century. These programs are produced by
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radio station WAGA of the University of Wisconsin under a grant from the
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Educational Television and Radio Center. Professor Menachem Mansoor
[27:39 - 27:44]
chairman of the department of Hebrew and Semitic Studies at the University of Wisconsin was the author
[27:44 - 27:49]
already and narrator for the series the reader was Carl ferment production
[27:49 - 27:54]
and editing by Carl Schmitt and Claire Prothero. The music by Don vaguely.
[27:54 - 27:59]
These programs are distributed by the National Association of educational broadcasters.
[27:59 - 28:02]
This is the end E.B. Radio Network.