UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN POLITICAL SCIENCE 460: PROBLEMS IN WORLD POLITICS: NEW PARADIGMS OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY Dr. Susan Wright Winter 1993 This course provides an introduction to the theory and practice of international relations. The course begins with an appraisal of the traditional realist view of world politics and of current theoretical challenges to that position. Special attention is given to historical critiques of the theory of the state and the concept of sovereignty and to feminist critiques that address the effects of gender inequality on the construction of international relations. The second part of the course examines application of theoretical positions to military, environmental, and economic dimensions of "global security." The third part of the course addresses examples of paradigm transformation with respect to international relations and practice. BOOKS: Richard Benedick, Ozone Diplomacy, (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1991) Rebecca Grant and Kathleen Newland, Gender and International Relations (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1991) Arjun Makhijani, From Global Capitalism to Economic Justice (New York: Apex Press, 1992) Gita Sen and Caren Grown, Development, Crises, and Alternative Visions: Third World Women's Perspectives (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1987) J. Ann Tickner, Gender in International Relations (New York: Colombia University Press, 1992) World Commission on Environment and Development (The Brundtland Commission Report), Our Common Future (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987) Susan Wright (ed.), Preventing a Biological Arms Race (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1990) Joseph Camilleri and Jim Falk, The End of Sovereignty: The Politics of a Shrinking and Fragmenting World (Aldershot, UK: Elgar Publishing, 1992) I. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1. Introduction Steve Smith, "The Development of International Relations as a Social Science," Millenium, 16 No. 2 (Summer 1987) 189-206. Richard Falk, "Democratizing, Internationalizing, and Globalizing: A Collage of Blurred Images." (unpub. ms., 1992) Fred Halliday, "International Relations: Is There A New Agenda?" Millenium 20 (1) (1991), 57-72. 2. Paradigms in the Natural and Social Sciences Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970) pp. 10-11, 23-25, 52-53, 84-85, 92-94, 109-111, 169-170. Barry Barnes, "Thomas Kuhn," in Quentin Skinner (ed.) The Return of Grand Theory in the Human Sciences (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 83-100. 3. Foucault: Discourse and Power Michel Foucault, Power and Knowledge (New York: Pantheon, 1980) 92- 108, 131-133. Mark Philp, "Michel Foucault," in Quentin Skinner (ed.) The Return of Grand Theory in the Human Sciences (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 65-82 Jim Falk, "The Discursive Shaping of Technological Change: The Case of Nuclear War," (unpub. ms, 1987) Carol Cohen, "Clean Bombs and Clean Language," in Jean Bethke Elshtain and Sheila Tobias (eds) Women, Militarism, and War: Essays in History, Politics, and Social Theory (Savage, MD: Rowman and Little field, 1990), 29-55. 4. Feminist Theory Dale Spender, "Introduction," in Dale Spender (ed.), Men's Studies Modified (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1981) 1-10. Alison Jaggar and Paula Rothenberg, "The Need for Liberation," in Alison Jaggar and Paula Rothenberg, Feminist Frameworks: Alternative Theoretical Accounts of the Relations Between Women and Men, (New York: McGraw Hill, 1984), 3-9. Judith Hicks Stiehm, "The Man Question," in Judith Hicks Stiehm (ed.) Women's views of the Political World of Men (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Transnational Publishers Inc. , 1984) pp. 207-223. Sandra Harding, "Introduction: Is There a Feminist Method?" and "Conclusion: Epistemological Questions," in Sandra Harding (ed.) Feminism and Methodology (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1987) 135-156. 5. Conceptual Foundations of International Relations: The State Joseph Camilleri, "Rethinking Sovereignty in a Shrinking, Fragmenting World." in RBJ Walker and Saul Mendlovits (eds.) Contending Sovereignties: Redefining Political Community (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1990) 13-44. Arjun Appadurai, "Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy," Public Culture Bulletin, 2 No. 2 (Spring 1990) 1-24. 6. Conceptual Foundations of International Relations: The State System Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, (1651) (New York: Penguin Books, 1978) Chapter 13 Hans Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations (New York: Knopf, 1949) 3- 20. Ann Tickner, "Hans Morgenthau's Principles of Political Realism: A Feminist Reformulation," in Rebecca Grant and Kathleen Newland (eds.) Gender and International Relations (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1991) 27-40. Richard Falk, "The Realist School and Its Critics: Interpreting the Postwar World," in Richard Falk Explorations on the Edge of Time: The Prospects for World Order (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992) 214-230, 243. 7. Conceptual Foundations of International Relations: Alternative Paradigms J. Ann Tickner, Gender in International Relations Intro, Chapter 1 and 2. Cynthia Enloe, "Gender Makes the World Go Round," in Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics (London: Pandora, 1989) 1-18. Carol Miller, "Women in International Relations? The Debate in Inter-war Britain," in Rebecca Grant and Kathleen Newland (eds.) Gender and International Relations (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991) 64-82. Christine Sylvester, "The Emperor's Theories and Transformations: Looking at the Field through Feminist Lenses," in Dennis Pirages and Christine Sylvester (eds.) Transformation in the Global Political Economy (London: Macmillan, 1990) 230-253. Sandra Whitworth, "Gender in the Inter-Paradigm Debate," Millenium 18 (2) (1989) 265-272. Spike Peterson, "Transgressing Boundaries: Theories of Knowledge, Gender and International relations," Millenium, 21 No. 2 (1992) 183-206. Richard Falk, "Positive Prescriptions for the Near Future: A World Order Perspective," World Order Studies Program Occasional Paper No. 20, (1991) 8. Rethinking Security Simon Dahlby, "Security, Modernity, Ecology: The Dilemmas of Post- Cold War Security Discourse," Alternatives 17 (1992) 95-134 Richard Falk, "Positive Prescriptions for the Near Future: A World Order Perspective," World Order Studies Program Occasional Paper No. 20 (1991) Ann Tickner, Gender in International Relations Chapter 1, pp. 51- 66. Mohammed Ayoob, "Security in the Third World: the worm about to turn?" International Affairs 60 (1) (1984) 41-51. II. MILITARY DIMENSIONS OF SECURITY 9. Chemical and Biological Disarmament as a Case Study: History of CB Warfare and Disarmament Susan Wright, "Evolution of US Biological Warfare Policy," in Susan Wright (ed) Preventing a Biological Arms Race, (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1990) 26-68. Julian Perry Robinson, "Origins of the Chemical Weapons Convention," in Benoit Morel and Kyle Olson, The Chemical Convention: the Shadow and the Substance (Boulder, Col,: Westview Press, 1993) Richard Falk, "Inhibiting Reliance on Biological Weaponry: The Role and Relevance of International Law," in Susan Wright (ed.) Preventing a Biological Arms Race, 241-266 10. CB Disarmament: The Problem of Proliferation Elisa Harris, "Towards a Comprehensive Strategy for Halting Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation," in Arms Control (pub. Frank Cass, London) 12 No. 2 (September 1991) 129-160. Julian Perry Robinson, "Chemical Weapons Proliferation: The Problem in Perspective," in Trevor Findlay (ed) Chemical Weapons and Missile Proliferation, with Implications for the Asia/Pacific Region (Boulder, Col.: Lynne Rienner, 1991) 19-35 Susan Wright, "Prospects for Biological Disarmament," Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems (forthcoming, 1993) Miroslav Nincic and Peter Wallerstein, "Economic Coercion and Foreign Policy," in Nincic and Wallerstein (eds.) Dilemmas of Economic Coercion: Sanctions in World Politics (New York: Praeger, 1983) 1-16. 11. CB Disarmament: Views from North and South Charles Piller and Kieth Yamamoto, "The US Biological Defense Research Program in the 1980s: A Critique," in Susan Wright (ed) Preventing a Biological Arms Race (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1990) 133-168 Susan Wright and Stuart Ketcham, "The Problem of Interpreting the US Biological Defense Program," in Susan Wright (ed) Preventing a Biological Arms Race, 169-196 Thomas Bernauer, "Verification of Compliance with the Biological Weapons Convention: Developing Countries. Between Passive Participation and Obstruction," in Oliver Thranert (ed) The Verification of the Biological Weapons Convention: Problems and Perspectives (Study No. 50 of the Foreign Policy Research Division of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Bonn, May 1992) 55-68. 12. CB Disarmament: Prospects for Chemical and Biological Disarmament Barend Ter Haar, "The State of the Biological Weapons Convention," Disarmament 14 No. 2 (1991) 147-167. Thomas Bernauer, "The End of Chemical Warfare," Security Dialogue 24 (1) (1993) 97-112. 13. The world economy and the growing Gap Between Rich and Poor Nations Joseph Camilleri and Jim Falk, "World Economy," in Camilleri and Falk, The End of Sovereignty (United Kingdom: Elgar, 1992) 69-103. Arjun Makhijani, From Global Capitalism to Economic Justice (New York: Apex Press, 1992) 14. Gender, Development, and Security Ann Tickner, Gender in International Relations Chapter 3. Gita Sen, Development, Crisis, and Alternative Visions 15. The Global Environmental Crisis Joseph Camilleri and Jim Falk, "Ecological Crisis," in Camilleri and Falk, The End of Sovereignty 171-198. Carolyn Merchant, The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1980) 192- 193, 206-215. Ann Tickner, Gender in International Relations chapter 4. World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future 16. from Stockholm to Rio Lynton Caldwell, International Environmental Policy (Durham: Duke University Press, 1984) 55-128, 360-375. 17. Paradigm Transformation: Expanding the Concept of Global Security: Gender and Human Development: Guest Lecturer Gita Sen 18. Paradigm Transformation: The Implication of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development for Environmental Security: Guest Lecturer Gunther Handl 19. The Role of NGOs in the Formation of Environmental Policy Lynton Caldwell, "Beyond Environmental Diplomacy," in John E. Carroll, International Environmental Diplomacy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988) 13-29 20. Paradigm Transformation: Lessons from the Study of Global Environmental Politics: Guest Lecturer Marc Levy Peter Hass, Marc Levy, and Edward Parson, "Appraising the Earth Summit: How Should We Judge UNCED's Success?" Environment (October 1992) 7-11, 26-33. Peter Hass, Marc Levy and R.O. Keohane, "Institutions for the Earth: Promoting International Environmental Protection," Environment (May 1992) 12-17, 29-36. 21. Paradigm Transformations: Expanding the Boundaries of Global Security: A Feminist Perspective: Guest Lecturer Ann Tickner Ann Tickner, Gender in International Relations, chapter 5. 22. Paradigm Transformations: Prospects for Global Civil Society: Guest lecturer Richard Falk