National Association of Educational Broadcasters Convention - Banquet (Reel 1)

A survey given by the Reverend Carlton overheating of the

Covenant Presbyterian church of Austin. Let's pray.

Every father in this moment. We pause to recognize the and the

sanctity that by grace we are here.

We thank they for the evidences of eye kindness in reason

and in means of communication and for dedicated people to perform this

task that has been performed. We pray

particularly for our speaker this evening for this whole program blesses

food and our conversation together. Why we ask it in our Saviour's

name amen.

Only I know you will not finish your dessert. I

wish you would please continue but I would like to

get things launched because we have a whole program.

First I want to say that I'm glad to see so many of you are still here.

In fact the rough Airlines continues to have problems you may never be able to leave.

You know air travel is a remarkable thing.

When you stop and think of the so-far sonic speed with which airliners can span the

oceans and span the continents just think you're going to have breakfast in

London you can have your lunch in New York. You can have your dinner in Dallas and you can

have your luggage in Fort Worth. Right.

At this time I would like to introduce to you the people at the head table

starting on my left Mr. Robert Frank and the

manager of our host station and chairman of the board of

directors of the educational television stations that are

seated next to him is Mr. Luther pulley district sales manager of the Dallas office

of Sylvania home and commercial electronics Corp.

the newest official citizen of the state of Texas.

Mr. Alfred F. The chairman of the individual member division.

My old boss at the University of Wisconsin HB McCarty a member of the awards and

citations Committee

and the dumb woman that you met the other day who

spoke to us. Commissioner Robert Barclay of the Federal Communications

Commission.

Starting from the. And the table on my right. The chairman of the

instructional division board Dr. Charles McIntyre of the University of Illinois.

Is that yell from schoolie.

Next to him Mr. Steven Sampson who is the vice president of Southwest Research

Institute and vice chairman of the Board of Trustees of KLR.

The chairman of the board of directors of national educational radio a

division of an ABC Mr Jackson Somerfield.

As Reverend Carlton the Eton of the Covenant Presbyterian Church.

And from Ohio State University where.

They play some kind of a game on Saturday afternoons was a modest success.

The chairman of the board of directors of an AB Mr Richard Hall.

MARTIN It's always the defensive team that went.

On time. The next job and we wanted to do so

later on. Now.

It's. I custom has a resume

on these occasions for me to tell the story. Of how this tradition has quickly

died down time.

But it still persists to some extent at least in my own mind. So.

I find however in attempting to fulfill this tradition.

That the fact that we are in the midst of a national political campaign has

highs and habited my normal sources of material.

One source is that it would normally be available to me

a rich source of anecdotes is the Washington cocktail

party which we define as a competitive point

accumulation dialogue.

However because of recent circumstances.

The kinds of stories which are plentiful I assure you in the Washington cocktail

circuit. Are not the kind of stories that would be

acceptable in a nice social occasion such as this.

Now another normal source of wood in which there is a great plenty are the

Texas stories. But. Telling a

Texas story. Elsewhere and telling a Texas story in Texas is something

else again.

Particularly like.

When proud Texans are especially volatile in the heat

of a presidential campaign when they have a native son running for

president. So I think it would be prudent to us to that source of

stories. However I do feel that with an election day almost

upon us that we should make some acknowledgment of this

important event. And we have chosen to do this.

Through. Our own personalized election forecasting mechanism

and not electronic computers and not any kind of scientific sampling technique.

What we've chosen to do is turn back to the original national political

prediction technique. Reliance upon the formula. And

tested it through the years. As Maine goes so

goes the nation.

And. Now for an indication of how Maine is going to

go. We brought in our own native born and bred political analyst

Deacon Donald Tavenner.

Right up there about. I was like how does the situation work there Matt.

Well President Bill I'm happy to make a comment from on the wing on the president on the present political

situation the mask may scare you and your story but none has given us a damn about the

last time we told you folks back in 1932 what was going to

happen if you got up.

And you didn't believe us and having done that I.

Know now maybe you'll pay some attention we have guessed right now how now those of us those of us that are up

in Maine and northern New England. Don't take too kindly to

politicians in fact I suspect without all of the law. It doesn't make any difference

rather than a local town or out of the running for some things or some other fellow running for

but it's all the same to us. We don't trust them to give an example of the US.

I can remember when I was a small boy outside each with a padlock which is just below the

brush set up. That will follow the

ad that was running for office. And he went out begin to scout around the

countryside and he found a young fire. Don't get worried this is going to be

perfectly all right about it. He found a young

girl who was leading a cow and a milk and because that's what you should do it.

And she was bringing this cow when he stopped at the gate of the house to begin to talk to her about the election you want to

get out of Gaza turn the legislator and so we got to talking weather and she was rather

carried away by his child and Roebuck knowledge and so. The

mother opened the door and saw ours is Mary who you were talking to. One of the

photo out here trying to get us to vote for him. He said she said Well now that's a politician.

Now you stay away from that can you come right in the house and on second thought you better bring the cow with you.

Problem Dale has asked me to validate the old slogan Tasmanian

gong So what you know.

And I'm happy to do it. I really am because some do

that we haven't quite found what it was but there's something to that. You

know if you don't like the way this is going I can remind you of a little situation that occurred down in

Calcutta I want to number the following Cal Coolidge was president of the United States but

before that if you remember your history he was president of the US Senate by virtue of being vice

president.

I just ate and the cost of all the obvious chairing the Senate

that was tremendous I've been on the floor and the sound of Tennessee in times of New York they get carried away

and they got to arguing over certain belt and the senator from New York State lost his head completely and he said

there's not enough in Tennessee he can go to hell. Well of course it's like a complete hush fell over the U.S.

Senate and the follower so instructed didn't care for the instructions that he had other plans. Well yeah.

So he rose up in great dignity and he says Mr. President he says bad language has

been used on the floor lie after the tribunal in the United States. He said the dignity United States

had been questioned.

My personal take we had one question and I demand a ruling from the chair. Well if you remember Cal he

had to sit back in the chair on the side of the president's chair with not

only the good Lord gave him the sad on but on the back of his neck with a toothpick in his mouth his eyes

half closed and he worked that toothpick from stop at the port and port to stop it. And

never touch it with his hand you know. Which was a source of great amazement and amusement at the sound

of those. And he didn't react to this at all he just sat there after he had this request

for a link and he kept his eyes called Hoover to pick a route and he reached up without moving at all

grab the gavel hit the podium he said The chair would you don't have to go.

That's a kind of politics we understand what's been going on lately doesn't mean a thing to me because I

don't get it.

But you have to get down to the point because we've got some more important people in the report from all the way and I just want to make it

clear because I gave this report the often recalled the days of your Merry Member. But there was a follow up.

That was a follow up from East Meadow on k 0 1 in the legislature down Augusta I

never run for anything before except for the other house doing the recall and

see that you don't have. Any deciding you're going to be a legislator up so we shall

wait to see her all back in Boston for a book on how to be a legislature legislator before

Sales Tax Day dollars I mean 7 percent. And he's away from this book and it said in the

book. That in order to get the vote of the people don't for the people who know you.

They either love or hate it on the gate of the vote one way or the other they know it but they won't get the people that don't know

you and convince them that you've got something that they need. So we got a list of the town voters which was

illegal but has done all the time you know look at all. Of the town voters you know I think it was eight

hundred forty seven people in the town that was eight hundred forty four Republicans and then some independents.

Rubber. Band.

And he took his last and he got he got a little notebook at the 10 time story made a list of all these people's

names that he didn't know of one showing to him and he made coffee he went around the fire house on the

outskirts of one particular five and you know when the daughter found might answer he says long

he says My names have been Jones and I'm running the legislature down Augusta and I sure

appreciate your bill.

Well a fine wife looked at him with a hawk eye changes ever been Joab I know

you knew your father before you and your grandfather before him and the whole posse are no

good Jews I wouldn't vote for you if you were the last man in the state of Maine in Russia who is not the

Mahabharata because I can't think of a thing I could do. They'll be a greater disservice to the people of Maine and a

something like you down to Augusta to tell us how to live and spend our money. Why does a ridiculous you're the scum of the earth.

You get all this yada don't you have a come back in here again. Because you do offer the dog on your I mean it and you get out of here but you're

going back again.

So the father go down the walk in a slow pace gets out get a little note book his pencil

go down to find her name put a check mark in front of it. After he wrote doubtful.

Call.

Salt. Cliff addiction from northern New England on November 3 is as Maine

goes. Doubtful I will.

Forgive.

Me. At this time

for the purpose of making an announcement about some awards.

For national educational radio.

I would like to introduce. Mr. Jerry Sanders the executive director of

any are. There any.

Current.

It's a tough act to follow.

But I am very happy to make three basic announcements the first one that the

national educational radio division of NABC has been awarded a contract by the

National Institutes of Health the National Cancer Institute to produce a

series of 13 1/2 hour documentaries featuring the top cancer

scientists in the country. The second announcement the

American assembly of Columbia University has contracted with the NEA our division of an

ab to produce a special series of discussions with top level participants at their

conference on the Congress and America's Future. In fact I'll be up there

at Arden house in Harmon New York Braniff notwithstanding bill this

weekend accompanied by how wroth of w r b r will help us do the recordings.

The third announcement gives me great pleasure.

As many of you know. Through the grandsons of the national home library

foundation. Part of this has been earmarked for a

production grant program. And we gave the NEA our member

stations all of three weeks in which to submit these proposals so that we would be in a position to make

an announcement here tonight and with any are less than two months

old I'm very happy to report that we received 14

proposals most of which were very exciting and all of which.

Surprisingly were very worthy we thought of of support. Naturally we

didn't have enough money to support them all.

Of the 14.

This may be of some interest to you. One was from an in-school broadcaster and the other's

from college or universities.

There are five in all.

The first one to station w d e t. Wayne State University

for a series called Portrait of the American.

Next a series.

For in school listening to the negro in American history to

station WABE Geo. The Newark New Jersey public schools. The third.

Is. A cooperative project.

Involving stations W W H J and w r v r the

University of Wisconsin and the Riverside Church respectively. For a series called The

American Journal. 4th. WKRN Michigan

State University. For a series called The Music Makers. And

fifth. To Katy B S San Diego State College

for a series called. National Educational radio presents.

Are childless. Congratulations to all.

Of. Us.

Secondary. And for the purposes of making a

somewhat summer announcement on behalf of educational television stations the

manager of a WATB 8 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 and 1 0.

Hey your yerd creating a disturbance here sir. Well that's right I'm an LBJ now on vacation.

As I was say for the purpose of making an announcement of

some wards in the television area and I'm here as a manager of station WGBH TV and a member of

the board of directors of the ts are forgotten.

And.

Mr. President I'm sorry we have no top disease to announce. But the

and we do have some awards

for our program proposals that have been submitted and the awards have

been selected by a group of judges on behalf of the Reader's Digest who are provided the

awards. The first award of $1000 goes

to KLR and Austin Texas for the program proposal

reapportionment a study of congressional redistricting problems in Texas

Don Mischer KLR and staff producer a writer for the program and

creator of the proposal. If Don and the other members as I call them out would stand

and we would hold the applause I would appreciate it Don are you here. Good.

The second $1000 award goes to WQED in Pittsburgh.

For the program comment and original modern ballet based on the one thousand

sixty four Pittsburgh International Exposition of contemporary painting and

sculpture donned the taverner senator from Maine and representative of Pittsburgh

president of WQED. The third award of

$1000 to KQED our other case you E.D.

coming a little further east. Salt Lake City this title is.

This is a program we've got to see Diary of a mud puddle. A

documentary on Utah great salt lake Rex Campbell executive

director. Rex. The force award of

$1000 to w o SU Columbus Ohio for the program the

call of oil and investigation of recent oil rush activities in northern

Ohio. The first of two programs planned on the subject it sounds like they've come

in for Dick hall and executive director W. OS you Dick.

You're here. And finally we have a tie for the

fifth and final award and the judges not having any further funds decided

to split the thousand dollars so they have awarded $500 to

KOAT Portland Oregon for the story of the famous elephant

family at the Portland Zoo which will tell all about elephants.

Luke lamb director of educational media is the representative.

And the other half of the tie to W and the t in Milwaukee

for the program only yesterday. A colorful look back into the gas like period of

history by the station manager as the representative

for W and the T on behalf of the division the educational

television station division of the NEA E.B. and Reader's Digest. Our appreciation and

thanks to everyone for a fine group of warts. Thank.

Of

for her. Within our increasingly

complex of membership. There is a segment that. We

have field of give enough acknowledgment to that is the group of electronic

firms who manufacture broadcasting equipment. And support

the development of educational broadcasting and. The professional association.

During the year we acquired a new industrial associate.

Unfortunately they were unable to provide a representative

to receive the plaque. But I do want to acknowledge our newest

industrial associate. I t t industrial laboratories of Fort Wayne Indiana.

Now as you rode through the exhibits at the convention. You

apparently had such consumer hungry looks on your faces

at least looked like potential buyers of equipment that you

persuaded one of the electronics firms to join on the spot. And so we're

very happy tonight. To recognize a the

really newest industrial assumption Sylvania home and commercial like

phonics corporation. And this plaque will be accepted on their behalf by Mr. Luther

Pollie the district sales manager of Davos.

At.

We're make one statement we're certainly glad to be a part of your hardness

nation help support you. Thank you very much. Thank you.

Now as is our custom at these affairs if

we. Want to honor some of the particular members of the.

Little. The kinds of characters wandering and.

Have. Served May I ask who you are. I go by and I.

Like well what are you doing with the globe in your hand. I drive the process up they prove

something what what what are you trying to prove. In your heart you know it's a lie.

To the.

Child.

Oh.

Child Democrats. The

child.

Now at present.

Finally. Mr. Harold B

McCarty a member of the. And AB award of citations Committee.

You all know Vernon Bronson.

That's because he's so shy

self-effacing that I before you here now.

Write in Branson is chairman of the Committee on awards and citations other members of the very

group with Broderick Morris Novick Frank schoolie Ralph Steidl Keith

Tyler and yours truly. All of us have a

one time or another been the recipients of an award or citation from this group

so that we can operate with complete objectivity and

total freedom from conflict of interest.

This committee or its counterpart at another time

makes recommendations to the board of directors who then and behalf of the

entire organization decide upon. The awards and

citations. This is a practice which was established about 10 years ago at the convention in New

York some of A you may remember. It was a kind of hastily gotten

up order of procedure at that time.

Because two of us were. For some reason which was not

clear to me at the time. Chosen for the honor.

And I was asked to write my own citations.

This would literally be true. And

you should go back out of the books and look at the beautiful side they should support

or don't call it a baby Gotti.

Well then sometime after what had seemed desirable to draw up a

code or a statement of policy of something or rather that would

serve as a set of guidelines for

the honoring of our pioneers and leaders and such a statement came into

existence shortly afterwards and served as a good guide in this

code.

We decided that in making such citations we should

avoid the usual criterion of long

years of service and venerability.

And should instead seek out. Unique and distinctive

qualities of leadership and service which would advance not

necessarily the person or even his own institution but the cause

in general of the total movement of educational broadcasting.

The kind of person of leadership of contribution which would reflect

credit and honor to our association and to educational

broadcasting in general. And it's this kind. Of.

Criterion which has guided the committees through the years.

We decided to seek for special qualities of dedication

and unselfishness. Now you all know there are various kinds of leadership.

There's aggressive leadership that's dynamic leadership. There's

blustering leadership of the kind which we saw deposed so dramatically just two

weeks ago. And then there's quiet leadership.

Gentle leadership.

Modest. Even self-effacing

leadership and contribution edits this kind which we honor tonight.

Two names which may come as a surprise to many of you

but not if you know of the record of their contribution.

First Cyril Brown.

After a long service with the FCC in the field you became chief of

the FM bureau in Washington. And under your direction. 20 of the

100 channels and the new FM band were set aside for educational

use. This was a precedent setting event for the stablished a new

principal in allocations. Going from the FCC to the joint committee for

Educational Television You served as their engineering guide for a period of

almost 10 years. And advised many of today's educational broadcasters on

frequency assignment or station planning and operational procedures.

As a member of many government industry committees charged with advisories and responsibility

in engineering developments of AM FM and television

you O ways and here are the high principles of public interest.

And high personal standards for your many contributions the technical and

organizational development of educational broadcasting in the United States.

And for your steadfast loyalty to the high principles of the association

throughout your years of service. You are awarded this

citation which reads specifically. Cyril

M. Brown for his many contributions to the technical and organizational development of educational broadcasting

in the United States and for his steadfast loyalty to the high principles of this association.

Throughout his years of service unfortunately cyber would not be here to

receive this in person but I know this has your endorsement does it

not.

Another who has presence of a kind of benign and

quiet sort we have missed among us at this convention.

Is that of McCain Dave.

The NABJ at a meeting in 1947 went on record as requesting

the allocation of FM channels for educational use and requested new rules and

regulations governing 10 watt stations. One of the messages preached

in those days was that the 10 water was a way to get to bigger and better

things. You probably never believed as you saw ten watt

stations as a means for Smalls school systems to use a small

station for its own special needs and purposes. You've been one of the most

enthusiastic supporters of the small station making sure that these

operations did perform and perform effectively on the small

budgets allotted to them. You were instrumental in planning the first

conference on instruct instructional radio under the old Kellogg

Grant. You have consistently worked for integration of

Avie radio TV. Not the absorption of

one medium by the other. You have been equally interested in developing all three.

Be. Active in avi idea until your retirement last year you have

since devoted your energies to something in which you have always been interested and which has

been an avocation of yours. The ministry.

For your long service and leadership in developing the techniques of instructional radio

and for your contributions to the expansion of the NASB radio network in

schools service you are awarded. The citation.

You can acquire.

Of course we'll see to what those citations are delivered. Promptly.

At this time I would like to recognize for the purpose of making a scene.

It's going to go out all evening. We're running out of these though I assure you.

Mr Richard Aedy MILLER Well I like my

little. Leg we asked Mandarin so like get back in here for at least Well

what's happened to you man. I'm not sure I left people I live in sunny

day yeah yeah yeah listen and you will

feel like I've done a fair life was you

gotta walk all the way.

Yes I wonder if I can get a reservation I got a fair life just.

As I started to say. Mr Richard

Miller is he is he here is Mr. Miller here.

Oh very good. Mr. Miller is advancing to the

platform for the purpose of making a presentation. Mr. Miller as administrative

assistant for. Hemisphere 968.

Thank you Mr. Hardy. We very much appreciate the opportunity to print participate in this

meeting. In celebration of our 200 50th

anniversary and to coincide with the Olympic Games being held in Mexico City in

1968 San Antonio is going to have 100 million dollar

exposition. It is called Emma's fair one thousand nine

hundred sixty eight and will be a fair isle of the Americas. It will take place

on a 90 acre site in downtown San Antonio and our principal

emphasis will be education. As a matter of fact our theme is

education. Through communication commerce and culture.

And we are very certain that organizations like yours Mr. Holly will

have a definite place in our exposition and in order

to perhaps facilitate this. We would like to make you

an honorary ambassador. Of our hemisphere

968. It's a we know that you travel a great deal we would

appreciate your telling people about and was very 968 the only thing I must say that it

is an ambassadorship without portfolio.

Will.

The of.

I know the principal speaker has not been introduced as yet.

However Mr Owen We do have a also an ambassadorship

for you Mr Ding all you and seeding wall is executive vice president of the

hemisphere and he was held that same position at the Seattle World's

Fair. And he received such wonderful cooperation from

your agency. We would hope too that you would accept this ambassadorship.

Of.

My thanks. Thank you Mr. Miller.

Modern communications girdle the globe and make possible the sense of world

community and the closer brotherhood of man. But these electronic devices

provide no automatic benediction. They hold the potential for both

good and evil and they can transmit truth and falsehood with equal

facility. What notions will people around the world get of

America. From the powerful attitude forming instruments of radio and

television. But the branch of our government employing media

including radio and television to ensure that people abroad get a true

story. In a world in which truth is under siege. Is the United

States Information Agency. And the man who directs this world wide communication

system.

Is to communicate with this domestic audience this evening.

Into the short space of thirty nine years Carl Rowen has crowded an impressive array of

activities and accomplishments. He served three years in the Navy.

And Rose to officer rank at the age of 19. His academic

career includes studies at Tennessee State Washburn and Oberlin and a B.A. in mathematics

and they in journalism from the University of Minnesota. Following a three year stint as

a member of the staff of the Minneapolis Tribune he was named Deputy Secretary of State for

Public Affairs. During the period with the Tribune Mr Rowan

covered many of the major news events of the past decade. In the course of which he won a hatful of

awards such as the Sidney Hillman award for the best newspaper reporting in the

nation during 1951. One of America's ten outstanding young men of

1953 the Sigma Delta cotton medallion for the best general reporting of

1953 the Sigma Delta Chi award for the best foreign correspondent of

1954 and the American teamwork award for distinguished reporting of national and world

affairs in 1955 in 1961. He was

present at the distinguished achievement award by the University of Minnesota and the Golden Rule award to the

Philadelphia fellowship commission. The academic community has recognized Mr.

Rowan with honorary degrees from Auburn and Washburn Howard Alfred temple and

Morgan State College. And somewhere along the line. He managed to

author four books which naturally also won

awards. In May 1963 Mr. Ron became the

U.S. ambassador to Finland from which post he was called to accept his present position

as director of the United States Information Agency.

It is my great pleasure to introduce to you now an outstanding communicator

the honorable Carl to the road

and.

Num.

Num.

Nums to Harley. Gentleman at the head table.

Members and guests of the National Association of educational broadcasters.

I must confess that I used to think there was nothing more delightful than being the

speaker of the evening and sitting through the introduction. But my wife

has sort of changed that. I went home the other evening

and in what I thought was total innocence turned to her and said Dear.

Do you know how many famous X newspaper men are now holding top government jobs.

She thought about it awhile and said Well Carl I don't know the exact number. But I'll bet

it's one fewer than you think.

Unbalanced.

Which explains why we fellows. Are so easy to get out on

the speaking trips because. We sort of get our egos built

back up. Although I confess I've been having trouble getting out on speeches

lately because my wife's a little sick and tired of me going out talking to

Rotary Clubs and honest clubs and all these groups to which the

men go and never take their wives and just for this trip I found out what

was bothering her she says it's just another symbol of modern man

taking his wife for granted. And I said to her Why darling I

just don't understand you're saying that. Can you just give me one bit of evidence that

men take their wives for granted these days. She grabbed up the Washington

Post and showed me a newspaper article. About one man who had kissed

his wife for seven years and then shot another fellow who did.

I'm sorry I didn't.

But I I can tell you that I'm not here because I assured her

that there would be some ladies present tonight. When they got

around to asking whether or not I wanted to make a little contingency plan you know

we've got contingency plans in Washington for just about everything. My

secretary called the house and I wasn't there and my wife said Fran called and

she wanted to know what the contingency plan is for Austin I said What do you mean.

She said Well in case you don't make the trip you'll take your place.

I said Well didn't you tell her the story that I like to tell about President Wilson and

she said I'm not sure I remember it.

So I reminded her of the wee hours of the morning when one of the

president well Simms aides awakened him and said Mr. President. I'm

terribly sorry to disturb you at this hour but there's a caller from New York who

says it's a matter of life and death. And President Wilson picked up the

phone and said yes. A voice on the other aeons absurd. I'm

one of your loyal customs officials in New York and I telephoned to let you know that your

chief customs collector just dropped dead. I'm terribly

sorry to hear that President Welles. But my good friend couldn't you have waited till

morning to give me this sad news. Oh no no sir he

said. I'm next in line Mr. President I had to call to find out if I can

take his place.

Whereupon President Wilson said my good friend if it's alright with the

undertaker It sure is hell all right with me.

Son with that little story both wife and secretary understood that I

wasn't of a mind to have anybody take my place down here tonight.

Because I do relish this opportunity to meet with you

and to talk a bit about communications because this is one

audience before which I can feel at home. Not because of

your warm and gracious. And rather

abundant hospitality. But because of the things you are doing

in communications because of the assistance we get from you.

In our efforts to tell this country this country story abroad.

Therefore I don't think I have to emphasize the first point I want to make.

And that is that. Information or

communications or propaganda or psychological warfare call it what you

will.

Is today a part of this country's first line of defense.

I say this because a great many people are aware. Of the fact that

we've moved into a thermonuclear age. But not too

many of them are aware although it seems to me equally obviously

true. That we've moved into what I call the Age of

Persuasion. Now let me explain it by citing a

letter. That John Adams wrote to Thomas Jefferson in

1787. In which he said.

Neither philosophy nor religion or morality nor wisdom nor

interest well ever govern nations of parties against their

vanity their pride their resentment or revenge are their

apheresis our ambition. Nothing but force and power and

strength can restrain them. End of quote.

Now John Adams comment tells us a great deal about the world of the century and a

half that followed. Because it was a world of force

a world where sheer power was restrained. But

generally of the strong upon the weak. And the world continued to

be racked by conflicts some of them small some of them

large wars because. As Milton said in Paradise

Lost.

Who overcomes by force. Hath overcome but had his foe.

Now in our age of weapons that are horrible the young the imagination of

anybody in this room do not. Force takes on a far more

appalling meaning. The thought of thermonuclear conflict

lead some of us to paraphrase Milton this way.

Who overcomes by force. Has overcome himself as well as

fuck. Now with this

ominous and starkly sobering fact before us.

We begin to understand that perhaps for the first time in human history.