Copper country: Part II, part 1

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The following program was produced by the University of Michigan broadcasting service for national
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educational radio under a grant from the National Home Library Foundation.
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I recall the blowing of the whistles of typically on 6 o'clock.
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For the men to be ready to awaken then be ready to.
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Go down to the mining.
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Thing every. Day.
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When they. Were there with me.
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To. Fight.
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The history of a place is the sum of many memories the recollections differ
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sometimes conflict. But as people give voice to that memory as history take shape
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the past comes alive. The copper country of Michigan's Upper Peninsula is an area
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rich with story. It includes the keep an op into which juts into Lake
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Superior and lives north of Wisconsin. On this the second of two
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programs the people of the copper country create in their own words the colorful complex history
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of that area and the many varied aspects of life in the copper country
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and as a youngster I reckon the number of the Indians coming to our home with their use the
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various They have a box in their neighborhood.
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With with other straps you know and they would sell a blueberry to give them something and they'd
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so embarrassed when I graduated you're in the high school 913
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worried nobody didn't thing else we just had we just heard a bolt. That was
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everything.
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That was our priority our class day and everything you know we are in charge this
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boat to go way up to the canal. That's up on the portage bay toward the big lake you know
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then we go to the hotel and assume we have some Indians here to do their
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heavy work. They wouldn't dare appeal the potatoes and scale the fish and we
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always have planked white fish. Remember that and we have this
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shared to tears you know and the rest of the night we dance in the moonlight coming down that was
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everything.
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That was years and years ago you couldn't get her home here to rent there was nothing
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everything with a bird. And this is what's not here.
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Even when I only nurse 73 years ago this time got one at
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least I got what not clinician. There was no cure but one or two.
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And well you still have to go right by the
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where the congregation which are accused today the great big
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boulder that they wish to go right now and that national bank would rather
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that than me that I could remember right came right from from
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Cornwall.
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I came near 1914. We finally landed up at first place
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I worked a pain jail. In the mine
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and Newark and the war came on
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depression.
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And I think for six months. The work less than half time.
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So from there I went to I know when I worked in the mine it Wynona.
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All for a boat here I guess. And then we moved to
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Calumet.
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I worked at. The scene h mine.
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For a boat. Six months while I came down here
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1917.
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And life resided here ever since.
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My father came from brig Cornwall in Maine and mother's.
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CORNISH But born in this country. So I'm just
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about here.
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CORNISH I was born in England.
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And Arturo elect from
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The Verge pleasure of you I don't know who you know about radar bench over
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here. Writer now about to Myron you decided that you are in a word
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you're not going camping. I don't run by we move to a place called the
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Law of Love.
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I would not been a good data mining expert
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from but I were moved to a place far apart you're not going to
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know my going to work or in
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About Time and my father was working a cover of Vogue.
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I don't know I worked you know my going for 21 years
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and I worked for would you going to call your old comedian but when they
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are there is such a large number of Finnish people in this area that
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we are still here in the copper country have an epidemic news dissemination by means of the thing
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the Finnish language over both radio stations not only does the NBL
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but in our reporting the news here is Mr. Randall So you know.
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Thank you John. So in a cheetah like a stolen house on the list I'm sick
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and then under the guns allowed out of the building.
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And you listen. It Camilla potentially to give her mother celebration.
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When I got in there got hung up a lengthy letter from my son.
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Many friends have given much needed a new kind of reaction to the coverage under such I think in large
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numbers saw national steam vents. I have one at my home and another at
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my cottage of dreamland. Nick Cornish all regarding Jack
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have of course made many things famous he answers the jokes and stories.
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Well they are in a class by themselves they're rather quaint humor I
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think the thing that makes them as interesting as anything I think is the dialect in which they're spoken
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as certain people in the copper country over the years have made rather a hobby of
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collecting them all to Greece for instance with the State Board of Education well
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known throughout the state educational field. While he himself is of German
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extraction was quite a well-known teller collector Cousin Jack
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story.
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We've all heard stories there's one about the woman that kept
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boarders and she went to the meat market to look for some meat and
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the proprietor of the meat market had a stuffed doll
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up on the back of his cash register so she went in and
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she said oh let's have that chick up there and he said well
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that's no chick that's out. I don't know what I would is he's good enough
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for borders. Then there was a
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Cornish miners came out here two fellows who were working together they just got to this
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country and they noticed that all the other miners had a watch. Neither one of them had a watch.
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So they said one was call area and one was called and he said
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payday we should get ourselves a watch. Well they couldn't afford to buy one so they bought one between the
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two of them. And he said well one wore
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it to work one day and the other one the next you know one of them could tell time but they had to
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watch because everybody else had one so down in the mine to work on and he said What
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time is it at ARI. So I didn't know you pulled a watch out of his pocket and
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showed it Barry said there it is. He says so too is it.
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They don't want to know what barriers but there were
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people who came here. Either because they knew.
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I. Was here all their friends came or they came together with
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friends and it consequently grew up.
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Into A. Very close neighborly Dubai would say
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People to People would tend to live in the same neighborhood as others
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from their own homeland so to speak.
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So down here we were here illegally down here because there are so many people from Italy. Cuma
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lived in an area in Haiti became very complicated names to him. A
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lot of social life together. And I don't.
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Press you are you discouraged people in this community used to always
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get together and have a body. Party.
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On. A bridge birthday and usually on New Years too. There's a new school
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over and used a different one in the deep Jefferson School and on the third floor
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dating used to be regular parties for years and years and years.
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And it was that that was the group by everyone to know about.
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But each group I think ahead is a reason I didn't take I
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think it is only the people who did but. Behind.
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The. SCENE.
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He was still the outstanding thing about a collar up here I think is that we
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have the evergreens pointing up the collar everywhere
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so we always have that contrast. I was a green then the really dark
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green and then all the colors. But first we have the maples and they start
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falling. Then we have the wall and they pin Cherry and
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the mountain ness. Those are only things in this you match
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then the very last winter and popular virtous
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turned yellow.
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I have a collection of log marks which were
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used by the sturgeon River Lumber Company in the
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late 1800s.
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Each log that was hauled
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to the river by these various companies right during a fight by
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a large mark which had previously been recorded
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with the boom company and the blue crab the inter-net recorded the
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mark with. The county clerk.
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Regardless of where they live was found after the drive in the
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spring the lock Mark identified it and it reverted to
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its original owner. The topper lumberjack was
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not concerned very much with
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what would happen if he should have to quit the job.
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Those that quit.
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On short notice are those who worked only a few days and went on to the next camp
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were called Cap inspectors. Usually one lumberjack quit.
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He never gave the foreman any notice except you would
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walk into the office and say Writer up or I'm hanging up
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and I was on a list too. No questions were asked. When the lumberjacks said writer
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up he meant that he wanted to check written out in many cases.
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Camp Foreman couldn't write the check. All he did was write
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a time order and then a lumberjack would take his time watered down to the
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headquarters. Sawmill or duty
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wherever the job started from and then
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a bank check or inmate type cash would be given to him for this time or in
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some cases many of the stores and almost all cases
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someone would cash these time orders and bring him down to the
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main office to be turned into cash.
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There always were sufficient number of saloons and Hancock
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especially was well supplied with saloons but I do not believe that
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anybody can ever say like the writer who wrote a
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story about Hancock Hurley
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and hell I do not believe that anybody can say even
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though Hancock has been put into that characterization that there was some
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very bad drinking sprees.
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In any place in the copper gantry during the Prohibition days though there were
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although there was a lot of comical things happened along with the
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serious affairs connected with moonshining. It is often
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said if you walked on the street to Hancock at 3 o'clock in the morning you would
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get drunk from the fumes coming out from underneath the from the basement windows.
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Just about every other place in the COC was a moon chain joint.
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But my first record recollections of in connection with Prohibition was
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we went to Hancock when they had one of the
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big roadster loaded with men came up the
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front street and I stopped in front of what is now the Golden Pheasant
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and they rushed inside and we could hear the glass tinkling and pretty
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soon they started rolling up barrels of beer and chopping the heads out in the street. And of course
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quite a large crowd gathered and the foam got thick as the beer ran
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down the gutters and all the barflies in town were along there their
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tongues hanging out. And they were really looking sad to see all
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that beer being wasted. And then they.
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Took their evidence and they took their prisoners over to the jail and in the next day I saw
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them when they were going out they had stills along both sides of the car. Of course
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the cars in those days had running boards so they had a place to tie the stills on.
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But probably moonshining was
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just common if somebody was sent to prison nobody know nobody pointed them
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up as a convict after he came back he just got caught that one of the
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hot spots was the other lake dance hall. Now at the time I had
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a sandwich shop right down here on the highway and on the
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nights when they had a dance I used to steal until about 4 or 5 in the morning and of
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course I get all the stories.
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The dancing was done between fights the most the evening was taken
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up fighting and every time when they get tired of fighting with
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and they'd do a little dancing and we passed
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there we came across the burial Plains about midnight one time.
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There must have been a hundred people out in front fighting and
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all.
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Stages of knockdown drag out and
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there was a fielder level spot across the road so my brother said well we aren't going to stop and we pulled
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out in the field and we circled the place and started off down the road.
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We had enough of the other leg dancehall.
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One thing I remember is when we used to have the surfaces
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come everything ready and the barred circus
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used to come to the kidney area. They played at the.
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All. Morning driving part.
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The carriage theatre was a beautiful theater and the appointments were
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beautiful. The felt that they competed
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favorably with any Theatre in Chicago and I
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think that.
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That all actors and actresses who came here felt that it was a real fine theatre
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it we had of course a good many of the great here
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we had Schumann I think we had Jim Melba and
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Caruso. As artists as well
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as a great many of the very fine actors and
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actresses. The brain just several years ago. Not too many years ago and
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it was a great loss to the copper country.
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I remember going to the kid in the theater when I moved to seem Jerry
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checked in one piece and Marion Davies movies and those
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days I came to the theater here. Carson had the old curtains.
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And if I remember correctly one of the curtains had a princess I wonder being
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carried by our service and the
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decorations around the Presidium arch were
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garlands and roses and cherubs and I think some of the music is
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now everything I remember in connection with beer is something
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that is more or less unique to the cup of country although I did see a mention of it once
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in our poll it was declined from I believe the Iron River
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Michigan. And next a callus something and I
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looked.
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I've looked it up checking to find out just what it was because I didn't remember same either saying oh
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there's a telephone and you know it's count something to do and that was our Fourth of July
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for the copper country was at one time was a tremendous
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area for circuses and big shows and
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Brian Newman barely in Ringling Brothers you were came here regular.
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And one time when my dad was the station agent
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they brought him in Belize were to come to a hotel
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and the
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delegation from Hancock met them at the depot and I offered them
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a thousand dollars just to cross the bridge and come to
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him and that night after the show was over when my dad was
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processing the circus train through he heard
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them discussing it and they said that that was the biggest gate he ever
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took.
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In the history of their circus big do it of course but of the famous
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characters of the area. He was only
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8 feet 1 inch tall. He weighed about 400 pounds.
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You are a shoe in size
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18 he had
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probably the tallest. Strongest
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Man from in the area. He spent quite
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some time with the circus
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and was 30. I did my own thing and
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I regret what I said I really loved him he loved one to him.
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And whenever you come downtown shopping. He would drive us first.
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The last time I saw him he was getting out of a buckboard in front of Home Rule
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the story he had little vocal in. It's halfway between a shotgun pulling a full one horse.
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And he'd picked up book one lift them shove it into the sidewalk and then pick up but it's too
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warm to the horse lift him up on it and said No way. He was a big man.
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The first train came in here for that red road came in here in
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1883 well up till that
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time everybody had a stock up in the wintertime.
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My grandmother said she they got that I think
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drawled the apple I don't know how many my
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dad said they got in.
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But in regard to the apples after they'd have those barrels a
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couple of weeks then they'd open up the barrels and in the evening everybody
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gathered around and they'd take out the apples individually out the barrel and they'd wipe them off
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wipe the sweat off of the apple. And they were repacked. So they
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kept all winter. But that is one of the big items I
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suppose to prevent scurvy. And
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cheese and butter all that
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type of stuff had to be stored in for the winter because of flour cooking that a
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lot of them stored their own and then they had a lot of stock from the
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store and met the folks in them by spring when you
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cut the cheese. You said even the Wigglers can have the cheese
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and it is pretty right.
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And Uncle I would said the bread and the and the
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butter was strong enough to go down the dock and Pola pressure to have a butter up the
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hill. But by
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spring everybody was really anxiously waiting for the boat.
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In the course they were short of supplies just about everything.
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Whiskey was according to the records I got there.
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Flying in the summer in the fall it ran maybe a dollar and seventy five to two dollars a
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gallon.
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And then through the books you'll notice it's going up to two and a quarter to him
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and beg him to spring get around it was up to about $4 a gallon so that
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was another big item that made a makeshift for the boats to see the boats
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word would come through from the entry when they said the first boat
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and then they knew they had a watch up on Quincy Hill in when
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they see the sail of the boat coming into parted lake where then they get down to the
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closest miner Malan the whistle started blowing and uncle will
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say you have to be really on the jump to get out of the window the schoolhouse ahead of the
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teacher because as a rule he was the first one out the window door open that
[23:08 - 23:12]
that was a decent day because they were expecting the boats.
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Nobody bothered going through the doorway in because they knew the doorway would be crowded.
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Everything stopped when the boats came. The whistle blew like crazy
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and everybody headed for the docks and gramma said that you could
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hear the clump of the hobnailed boots coming down over the rocky hills and we just did
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a clatter. Everybody coming on the run to get down to the docks
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and across they'd be down the docks along the head of the boat and it was regular
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holiday spirit because nobody nobody was looking for a
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fight. Everybody could say what they pleased and it was all a joke.
[23:55 - 24:23]
Come to. Our Fire tour and two years
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ago and why we were there we ordered the gondola which took
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quite a while to deliver.
[24:30 - 24:34]
And. It's as if they're like instrument which
[24:34 - 24:40]
developed from my Eunice string instrument into one which chance
[24:40 - 24:45]
can today be played in different keys and
[24:45 - 24:49]
it's about thirty six strings in it.
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The subject of prehistoric copper mining and the miners particularly miners is
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one that I can speak on freely because nobody knows anything about them.
[25:22 - 25:27]
We know that there are at least 4000 years ago. Maybe longer maybe since
[25:27 - 25:32]
that time. Above all we know we know they used cameras they
[25:32 - 25:37]
used and they made and they mined copper. And they
[25:37 - 25:42]
used fire mining which is heating up along
[25:42 - 25:47]
the vein carrying the copper with fire and then throwing water on it to
[25:47 - 25:52]
cause the rock to spawn off. Then they use the rock hammers to pound
[25:52 - 25:58]
it and liberate the copper and to form the artifacts that they made from it.
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These people were smart they mind on every modernly
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mind up here. They
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were smart enough to know that by heating the corpora with them
[26:12 - 26:16]
Fire think and hammer it more without breaking. And they were
[26:16 - 26:21]
engineers geologists mechanical engineers
[26:21 - 26:27]
and metallurgist. So that they really were.
[26:27 - 26:30]
They really were smart people in some ways.
[26:30 - 26:35]
Santa was based on a prehistoric Indian diggings and I don't recall but what it clearly was
[26:35 - 26:39]
many of the Mayans we're talking about of course the great captain who was
[26:39 - 26:44]
founded on Indian diggings and the Indians uncovered
[26:44 - 26:48]
some things which led to further exploration in most of these mines.
[26:48 - 26:53]
Course we know that's true to the strike in
[26:53 - 26:58]
1913 14 supposedly started on July 25th
[26:58 - 27:03]
and in the middle of the middle of April in
[27:03 - 27:07]
1014. So it lasted about nine months and Siri
[27:07 - 27:12]
during the latter part of that there are say the last three months there were only a hard
[27:12 - 27:17]
core of the union members out on strike. And the earlier part
[27:17 - 27:23]
the very first weeks the mines were completely closed down.
[27:23 - 27:28]
That was the AK excuse of course for calling in the militia the National Guard the National
[27:28 - 27:30]
Guard was called in the community.
[27:30 - 27:31]
And.
[27:31 - 27:37]
Operated all along the range they were stationed clear down as far as mass
[27:37 - 27:43]
as far north ridge is up into key when all county he went to county mines in operation and clear up
[27:43 - 27:47]
as far as more. And the National Guard. The
[27:47 - 27:53]
Donald Massey situation turned up the most rapidly. That's the
[27:53 - 27:57]
masses and not going county and the mines throughout Horton County
[27:57 - 28:02]
also had the National Guard stationed in them with some vigorous
[28:02 - 28:07]
activities by the union members and the more active in the union
[28:07 - 28:11]
members. One of the complicating factors was the employment by the mining
[28:11 - 28:16]
companies and by the sheriffs of what were no one as used to be
[28:16 - 28:21]
known in popular products as the Pinkertons. Actually these were
[28:21 - 28:25]
Waddell Mohan men or ash or agency man
[28:25 - 28:30]
employed by them as mine guards. In the case of the sheriff they were
[28:30 - 28:34]
employed as instructors to his deputies.
[28:34 - 28:39]
They shot up a boarding house in pain and they killed two of the boarders in
[28:39 - 28:41]
bed and.
[28:41 - 28:50]
The Citizens Alliance went to our meek and they dragged the
[28:50 - 28:55]
people out of their own homes and beat them up and they are dead
[28:55 - 29:00]
and these Waddell man where I think they were it
[29:00 - 29:05]
seemed to be the hot spot and the town marshal
[29:05 - 29:11]
said that they came to his house and entered his house
[29:11 - 29:16]
and took his own service revolver and they put him
[29:16 - 29:20]
under arrest for having a
[29:20 - 29:25]
concealed weapon and they took him to court and Amit the
[29:25 - 29:26]
next day.
[29:26 - 29:31]
And of course the Waddell men were wearing guns and he was the marshal of
[29:31 - 29:37]
the soon as we get them in court he put them under arrest for carrying guns in the city in the
[29:37 - 29:42]
town of Amit that he
[29:42 - 29:44]
said that the they they just
[29:44 - 29:53]
needled the people they go into the bar and they
[29:53 - 29:59]
shove the men along the bar and they just try and invite trouble because they were
[29:59 - 30:03]
armed and everywhere they went.
[30:03 - 30:08]
They just want everybody to know that they were ready for a
[30:08 - 30:13]
fight. They blocked the roads and insult the the
[30:13 - 30:16]
men going by and try to egg them into a fight.