This file was prepared for electronic distribution by the inforM staff. Questions or comments should be directed to inform-editor@umail.umd.edu SALARY TRENDS Professional and Paraprofessional Staff From 1982-1992, Maryland increased its general fund support for higher education by 109%. This rate of growth placed Maryland fifth nationally for the decade. While salaries for both male and female professional and paraprofessional staff at Maryland's public two- and four-year institutions have increased over the past ten years, women continue to be paid less than their male counterparts. The rate of increase in salaries for men and women over this period has been similar. Salaries for both male and female managers and executives at the two-year institutions have increased more than 50 percent since 1982 (see Table 1, appendix A). However, the graph comparing average salaries below shows that the average salary paid to men in this category in 1991 was 22 percent higher than that paid to women, compared to 20 percent in 1982. In the two categories having a majority of women, average salaries for men and women are more comparable. For instance, the average salary paid to female technical and paraprofessionals has increased 52 percent since 1982, while the average salary paid to men has increased just 39 percent. Women in this category now earn 96 percent of the compensation awarded male employees compared with 86 percent in 1982. At the four-year institutions, salaries for male and female managers and executives have also increased similar rates (see Table 2, appendix A). As the graph comparing salaries for professional staff illustrates, however, the average salary paid to a man in this category in 1991 was 28 percent higher than that paid to a woman in the same category, compared with 26 percent in 1982. Salaries for men classified as other professionals hav increased 62 percent over the ten year period, while those for women in the same category increased only 48 percent. Women in this category earned 82 percent of the compensation paid to male employees in 1991 compared with 92 percent in 1982. Salaries for men and women technical and paraprofessionals have increased more than 60 percent since 1982. Differences in salaries for this category have remained fairly constant. Female Salaries as a Percentage of Male Salaries Professionals and Paraprofessionals at Two-Year Institutions Year Managers/ Other Profs. Tech/Para Executives Profs. 1982 80% 77% 76% 1985 76% 80% 93% 1988 72% 84% 92% 1991 78% 83% 96% Female Salaries as a Percentage of Male Salaries Professionals and Paraprofessionals at Four-Year Institution Year Managers/ Other Profs. Tech/Para Executives Profs. 1982 74% 92% 85% 1985 68% 83% 89% 1988 65% 83% 82% 1991 72% 82% 86% Faculty Data on average faculty salaries are examined by gender and academic program area. For the purposes of this report, academic programs have been grouped into six categories. Sciences includes the biological and physical sciences, computer and information sciences, engineering, mathematics, data processing, engineering technologies and natural sciences technologies. Professions includes the health professions, teacher education, law, library science, and medical technologies. The fine and applied arts, foreign languages, letters, and theology are included in humanities, and area studies, psychology, and other social sciences in the category social sciences. Business and management, and business and commerce technology take up the business category. Salaries for both men and women faculty at two- and four-year intitutions have increased over the ten year period, and while sa;ries for men and women are more comparable at the two-year institutions, there is no clear trend toward closing the salary gap. The graphs below illustrate trends in average salaries paid to women faculty, by academic area, as a percentage of the average salaries paid to men. Tables 1 and 2 in attachment B contain average salaries paid to men and women over the ten year period. At the two-year institutions, salaries for women have increased at a slightly lower rate that the salaries for men, except in professions and business. The average salary for men teaching in professions has increased from $26,971 in 1982, to $43,117 in 1991, or 60 percent, while salaries for women have increased 62 percent over the same period. Yet the gap in salaries has remained fairly constant; the average salary paid to a man in 1991 was 14 percent higher than that paid a woman, down one percent from 1982. In business, women have made some progress, as the gap in salaries paid to men and women has decreased from 17 percent in 1982 to 10 percent in 1991. At four-year institutions, rates of increase in salaries paid to women faculty are higher than those for men not only in business, but in science and those disciplines classified as other. Salaries for women teaching in the sciences have increased 77 percent since 1982 compared to 70 percent for men. Still, men earn more than 40 percent more than women, a trend that has continued over the ten year period. Again, some progress can be seen for women teaching in business. Salaries for women teaching in these programs have increased 105 percent compared to 86 percent for men over the ten year period. As a result, women in this area now earn 87 percent of the average salary paid to men compared to 75 percent in 1982. In professions, humanities, and the social sciences, salary increases for men have out paced those for women, resulting in salaries for women that are 33, 21, and 22 percent lower than those for men, respectively. Female Salaries as a Percentage of Male Salaries Full-Time Science Faculty at Two- and Four-Year Institutions Two-Year Inst. Four-Year Inst. 1982 87% 51% 1985 89% 56% 1988 87% 57% 1991 86% 57% Female Salaries as a Percentage of Male Salaries Full-Time Professions Faculty at Two- and Four-Year Inst. Two-Year Inst. Four-Year Inst. 1982 85% 71% 1985 84% 62% 1988 84% 66% 1991 86% 67% Female Salaries as a Percentage of Male Salaries Full-Time Humanities Faculty at Two- and Four-Year Inst. Two-Year Inst. Four-Year Inst. 1982 89% 82% 1985 92% 79% 1988 87% 76% 1991 87% 77% Female Salaries as a Percentage of Male Salaries Full-Time Social Sci. Faculty at Two- and Four-Year Inst. Two-Year Inst. Four-Year Inst. 1982 90% 81% 1985 93% 79% 1988 95% 81% 1991 90% 78% Female Salaries as a Percentage of Male Salaries Full-Time Business Faculty at Two- and Four-Year Inst. Two-Year Inst. Four-Year Inst. 1982 83% 75% 1985 82% 69% 1988 87% 85% 1991 90% 87%